{"id":1015,"date":"2011-11-22T16:02:23","date_gmt":"2011-11-22T05:02:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/climatereview.net\/ChewTheFat\/?p=1015"},"modified":"2011-11-23T09:57:10","modified_gmt":"2011-11-22T22:57:10","slug":"the-nervous-system","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/climatereview.net\/ChewTheFat\/?p=1015","title":{"rendered":"The Nervous System"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>What makes us tick?\u00a0 Hopefully, there aren&#8217;t too many &#8220;nervous ticks&#8221; involved, but the nerves are central to who we are.\u00a0 They are signal pathways and, when combined into interwoven bundles, are control centres.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>A few days ago <\/strong><strong>a gentleman, who was giving our company an interesting talk on the harmful effects of drugs and alcohol on performance, asked for a few details of the nervous system.\u00a0 So, I thought a simplified summary of the whole nervous system (both Central and Peripheral) could be just the ticket&#8230; <\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>The Nervous System<\/h2>\n<p>The <a title=\"Nervous System\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nervous_system\" target=\"_blank\">Nervous System<\/a> is your body&#8217;s decision and communication centre. The Central Nervous System (CNS) is made up of the brain and the spinal cord whereas the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) is made up of nerves (neurons). Together they control every part of your daily life, from breathing and blinking to helping you memorize facts for a test. Nerves reach from your brain to your face, ears, eyes, nose, and spinal cord&#8230; and from the spinal cord to the rest of your body. Sensory nerves gather information from the environment, send that info to the spinal cord, which then speed the message to the brain. The brain then makes sense of that message and fires off a response. Motor neurons deliver the instructions from the brain to the rest of your body. The spinal cord, made of a bundle of nerves running up and down the spine, is similar to a superhighway, speeding messages to and from the brain at every second.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/climatereview.net\/ChewTheFat\/?attachment_id=1061\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1061\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1061\" title=\"The Nervous System by James Follett\" src=\"https:\/\/climatereview.net\/ChewTheFat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/CNS-vs-PNS.jpg\" alt=\"Central Nervous System vs Peripheral Nervous System\" width=\"640\" height=\"952\" srcset=\"https:\/\/climatereview.net\/ChewTheFat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/CNS-vs-PNS.jpg 1723w, https:\/\/climatereview.net\/ChewTheFat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/CNS-vs-PNS-201x300.jpg 201w, https:\/\/climatereview.net\/ChewTheFat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/CNS-vs-PNS-688x1024.jpg 688w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h6><strong>Sources:<\/strong> <a title=\"Brain\" href=\"http:\/\/bthsbioteacher.wikispaces.com\/Nervous+System+Vocab\" target=\"_blank\">Brain<\/a>, <a title=\"Brain\" href=\"http:\/\/www.google.com.au\/imgres?imgurl=http:\/\/mc2.vicnet.net.au\/home\/epilepsyas\/web\/home\/images\/Brain2b.gif&amp;imgrefurl=http:\/\/mc2.vicnet.net.au\/home\/epilepsyas\/web\/home\/epilepsy_explained2.asp&amp;h=336&amp;w=491&amp;sz=24&amp;tbnid=rdgsviZS-c1f-M:&amp;tbnh=77&amp;tbnw=113&amp;prev=\/search%3Fq%3Dbrain%2Bstem%26tbm%3Disch%26tbo%3Du&amp;zoom=1&amp;q=brain+stem&amp;docid=2x72CS9Ltmq1NM&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=TqHJTvPOOseziQeUt5XaDw&amp;ved=0CD8Q9QEwAw&amp;dur=556\" target=\"_blank\">Brain<\/a>, <a title=\"Autonomic Sites\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/nrn\/journal\/v6\/n10\/images\/nrn1765-f1.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Autonomic Sites<\/a>, <a title=\"Nerves\" href=\"http:\/\/pharmacology-online.blogspot.com\/2011\/04\/neurotransmitter-chemistry-of-autonomic.html\" target=\"_blank\">Nerves<\/a><\/h6>\n<h2>Central Nervous System<\/h2>\n<p>This consists of 2 structures: the brain and spinal cord. Different sections of the brain regulate and control various regions of our bodies.\u00a0 The main ones are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Cerebrum<\/strong> <strong>(or brain)<\/strong> is divided into two regions, or \u201chemispheres\u201d, that are connected by an information highway, the corpus callosum.\u00a0 Often the right hemisphere is associated with creativity, whereas the left is associated with logic.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cerebellum<\/strong> <strong>(or &#8220;little brain&#8221;)<\/strong> regulates the coordination of movement and balance.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Brain stem<\/strong> controls vital, life support, involuntary activities (breathing and heart rate).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#8211; Each half of the Cerebrum is further divided into four different lobes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Frontal lobe<\/strong> is the higher, control centre where <em><strong>consciousness<\/strong><\/em> lies and is involved in problem solving.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Parietal lobe<\/strong> perceives <em><strong>stimuli<\/strong><\/em> such as taste and <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Somatosensory_system\">somatosensory<\/a> (touch) as well as aiding speech and reading.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Occipital lobe<\/strong> is devoted to the most information intensive sense of all, <em><strong>vision<\/strong><\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Temporal lobe<\/strong> controls hearing and <em><strong>speech<\/strong><\/em>, as well as being involved in the integration of 2 or more senses into a meaningful concept (<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gestalt\">Gestalt<\/a>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Peripheral Nervous System<\/h2>\n<p>This consists of sensory and motor nerves, whereby the sensory carry information to the CNS, whilst the motor carry information away from the CNS. It can be divided into the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) and the Somatic System. \u00a0The former regulates involuntary, subconscious activities such smooth muscle tone, the heart rate and digestion, whilst the latter controls voluntary, skeletal, muscle movement. The Autonomic Nervous System can be further divided into the Sympathetic and the Parasympathetic systems.\u00a0 These work in a complimentary manner and are 2 halves of control processes that maintain optimal, body conditions (<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Human_homeostasis\">homeostasis<\/a>).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Sympathetic<\/strong> response prepares us for <em><strong>\u201cfight or flight\u201d<\/strong><\/em>, which is most commonly known for its increased heart rate, dilated bronchial muscles, increased blood pressure, and digestive slowdown.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Parasympathetic<\/strong> response is described as <em><strong>\u201crest and digest\u201d<\/strong><\/em>, which \u00a0promotes energy conservation such as a slower heart rate, decreased blood pressure, and bronchial muscle and urinary bladder constriction.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Further Reading<\/h2>\n<p>Dustin Curtis is a neuroscientist turned graphic designer and his web site combines the best of both these worlds: interesting concepts of the brain and stunning visuals, Check <a title=\"A tour of my brain\" href=\"http:\/\/www.dustincurtis.com\/a-tour-of-my-brain.html\" target=\"_blank\">it out<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What makes us tick?\u00a0 Hopefully, there aren&#8217;t too many &#8220;nervous ticks&#8221; involved, but the nerves are central to who we are.\u00a0 They are signal pathways and, when combined into interwoven bundles, are control centres. A few days ago a gentleman, &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/climatereview.net\/ChewTheFat\/?p=1015\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[134],"tags":[144,138,136,135,140,142,141,137,145,139,143],"class_list":["post-1015","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-biology","tag-autonomic-system","tag-brain","tag-central-nervous-sysytem","tag-complete-nervous-system","tag-frontal-lobe","tag-occipital-lobe","tag-parietal-lobe","tag-peripheral-nervous-system","tag-somatic-system","tag-spine","tag-temporal-lobe"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatereview.net\/ChewTheFat\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1015","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatereview.net\/ChewTheFat\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatereview.net\/ChewTheFat\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatereview.net\/ChewTheFat\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatereview.net\/ChewTheFat\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1015"}],"version-history":[{"count":50,"href":"https:\/\/climatereview.net\/ChewTheFat\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1015\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2087,"href":"https:\/\/climatereview.net\/ChewTheFat\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1015\/revisions\/2087"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatereview.net\/ChewTheFat\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1015"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatereview.net\/ChewTheFat\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1015"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatereview.net\/ChewTheFat\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1015"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}